An Espoir Worldwide Initiative
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We realize the criticality of skill-gaps, and its grave consequences. We invested our years to invent lasting solutions that can turn ordinary into extra ordinary. We innovate new methodologies and technologies so that the result makes meaning to millions of lives.
An Espoir Worldwide Initiative
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In second language teaching and learning context, among various kinds of activities applied in teaching speaking, Simulation is defined as “a structured set of circumstances that mirror real life and participants act as instructed”. (Dougill, 1987)
In another approach, Johns (1982) defines simulation as reality of function in a simulated and structured environment.
Stimulates authentic conversations
Simulation activities stimulate authentic learner-to-learner conversational interaction (Richards, 1985). The activities also develop conversational competence among second language learners.
Simulation provides many advantages, such as reduction of anxiety, increase in positive feelings, and improved self confidence. (Crookall & Oxford 1990)
Is a fluency activity
It is where opportunities arise for the learner to use language freely and creatively.
Is suitable for consolidation
Since simulation activities are more practice/revision activities than teaching activities, they are useful and more suitable for consolidating and practising aspects of conversational proficiency than teaching new forms.
Creates sensitivity and a sense of awareness
Simulation brings the outside world into the classroom. This could have affective effects in terms of social interaction and cultural awareness.
Increases motivation
Simulation prompts mental and bodily activity. The activities require active participation. Concentration is also often required and it is not easy for a student to stay passive for long. Situations are created for the students to use the language meaningfully and this would motivate the students towards participation. The less motivated students will be gradually drawn into the activity when they see the rest of the group having a good time.
A break from routine
The use of simulation activities is a break from the usual textbook teaching and the 'chalk and talk' method of the teacher. The students have opportunities to mix around and to act out different roles. The atmosphere in the classroom is less formal and this can reduce tension.
Prepare students for real life and unpredictability
Real life situations and communication are unpredictable. A student may learn all the correct forms of communication but may not know when to use them appropriately. Simulation provides opportunities to react to these situations and to give the students a taste of real life. (cited on p7-8)Nevertheless, shortcomings are unavoidable.
Prepare students for real life and unpredictability
Real life situations and communication are unpredictable. A student may learn all the correct forms of communication but may not know when to use them appropriately. Simulation provides opportunities to react to these situations and to give the students a taste of real life. (cited on p7-8)Nevertheless, shortcomings are unavoidable.
The following graph describes how simulator helps to improve various aspects of Speaking Proficiency basing on the framework of communicative competence under CLT approach . (Explanations are given below).
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Lexis & Grammar
Connected Speech
Expressive Devices
Compensating Language
Language Processing
Interacting with Others
Meaningful Responses On the Spot
Socio-linguistic Knowledge
Socio-cultural Knowledge
78%
76%
73%
68%
86%
93%
96%
48%
84%
50%
80%
Building English proficiency is a cognitive psycho-motor skill - NOT a mugging-up skill. It can be achieved only by ingraining the key skills into one’s personality.
Without extensive reinforcement, in our brain, new neural pathways won’t establish themselves.
Without new neural pathways, new behaviours won’t become comfortable and habitual.
If new behaviours don’t become comfortable and habitual, learners will fall back to old behaviour of speaking poor English or not speaking English.
Advantages of Simulator
Home-Based |
Academy-Based |